Strategic Marketing for Managers Companies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain Strategic Marketing for Managers Companies? Answer: Introduction The retail industry is the sector which consists of companies and individuals; here companies are engaged in providing the finished products to the end consumers. It has been estimated that two third of the gross domestic product is comprised out of retail industry. Hence out of this ratio, it is said that retail sector plays a considerable role in affecting the gross domestic product of the nation (Riebe, 2013). Customer analysis Market segmentation In case of retail industry, the market is segmented by understanding the customer needs, and by analyzing the characteristics of consumers. This helps the industry leader that in case of retail industry in Australia, Wesfarmers limited is an industry leader. However customer can be segmented on the basis of behavioral, psychographic, geographical, demographical basis (Loeb, 2014). Customer motivation in this sector In retail sector customers are motivated on the basis of their segmentation. This means the retail industry leader should identify the motivations, then grouping them, and assigning the strategic roles for each group (Riebe, 2013). Unmet needs Unmet needs are those which are met by current offerings in retail industry. Customers are the considerable factor for unmet needs. It has been observed that the industry should involve online marketing, self driving vehicle delivery, drone delivery, online payment and many more related innovations. This would lead to fulfillment of unmet needs; besides this the industry can make an innovation in compulsory feedback services. This would provide the industry players an idea about the changing preference of its customers. Competitor analysis Competitors In case of retail industry in Australia, following are competitors: Wesfarmers limited, Woolworths limited, Coles supermarkets pty ltd, Dick Smith electronics pty ltd, Myer pty ltd, Big W, Caltex Australia, cash converters international limited (CCV), Country road. These are considered as one of the big industry players in retail sector (Rice and Martin, 2017). Evaluation of the competitors Competitors are evaluated on the basis, that do they affect ones objectives, strategy, commitment levels, and cost and price structure. The competitors majorly affect the companys strength, weaknesses and its competitive advantages. Market analysis Market growth It has been estimated that retail sector in Australia would grow at compounded annual growth rate of 3% (Business insider Australia, 2016). Actual and potential size The actual growth size of the retail industry is 3.5%. The potential size of retail industry is likely to grow due to application of the innovations in the industry. The reason behind this is, due to involvement of online retail and customization, potential has been observed in case of retail industry. Trends and developments Key success factors The changes are being expected in the key performance indicators of the retail industry. The key performance indicators are sales and gross profit percentage, sale per square foot, average customer spend, stock turnover rate, sell through rate. These factors are expected to change due to adaptation of innovative techniques in the industry. Market profitability The market profitability of retail sector is affected by the input costs, retail profits, cost structure of the goods and services as provided by the industry players in retail sector. The profitability can be increased by producing lower cost of goods, adopting cost reducing techniques. Besides all such factors, the market profitability is also affected by the appreciation in Australian currency (Australian government, 2015). Distribution systems In case of retail industry, the major share of cost is occupied in case of labor, storage cost and distribution of goods and services from the industry players to the customers of retail sector. It has been found that retail sector distributes goods such as electrical and electronic goods, floor covering, food and grocery, fuel, furniture and house wares, hardware, building and garden supplies, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical, textiles, clothing and footwear, personal accessories etc. however the retail industry covers the commission based buying, selling and non store retailing goods and services (Australian government, 2015). Environmental analysis The environmental analysis describes about the PESTLE analysis of retail sector in Australia. P-political forces These factors have impact on the current factors of production of retail sector as well as future factors of production. Some of the factors impacting the retail sector are as: tax rates as levied by the government, political stability, foreign exchange rates, and political stability (Deloitte, 2017). E-economic forces The players in retail sector have to consider about the economic aspects of the market in which the company is operating. Economic forces are like factors that affect the demand and supply of the offerings done in retail sector (Crane, 2008). S-social forces Social factors can lead to affect the performance ability of the players in retail sector. These are the factors that can lead to affect the offerings made by the industry players for example, in case of Australia, the population is diverse and the consumers have diversified preferences. Hence the industry players should have knowledge, about how to manage such diversity in the retail market. T-technological forces In case of technology, it has been observed that due to advancement in informational technologies, the retail sector has developed a lot. The players in retail sector has taken initiative in online trading, online payment. This has lead to increase in the customer base in retail sector. E-environmental forces The players in retail sector have to consider about the environment in which they are operating. L-legal forces The players of retail sector should follow the legal compliance in the environment in which they are operating (50minutes.com, 2015). Impact of these forces on trends and future events in the market These factors affect the players of retail sector in doing operations and way of doing operations. This can be understood as changes in the political and legal factors can lead to discontinue a well managed business and vice versa (Business, 2016). Impact of cultural forces using Hofstedes framework According to Hofstedes framework, the effect of society culture on the retail industry sector players is determined. It has been identified that the social factors such as changes in the taste and preferences and demands of the customers affect the players in the sector. Threats and opportunities emerge from the analysis The threats have been identified as unfavorable changes in the factors of production and political and legal factors. While in case of opportunities, it has been analyzed that the favorable changes in PESTLE factors can lead the company in earning high profits and becoming the industry leader (Australian government, 2011). Corporate social responsibility The corporate social responsibility of the retail industry is to be responsible for business strategies and productive stakeholder relationships. In Australia the corporate social responsibility of the industry players is to be responsible for corporate sustainability issues and to utilize all the potential of resources. Conclusion After analyzing the report, it has been analyzed that external analysis comprises of those factors which are out of the control of the industry players but affect the operations of the companies in retail sector References 50minutes.com. (2015) PESTLE analysis: understand and plan for your business environment, 50 minutes Australian government. (2011) Economic structure and performance of the Australian retail industry. Retrieved on 4th May, 2017 from https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/retail-industry/report/retail-industry.pdf Australian government. (2015) Australia industry report. Retrieved on 4th May, 2017 from https://industry.gov.au/Office-of-the-Chief-Economist/Publications/Documents/AIR2015.pdf Business insider Australia. (2016) Retail sales growth is trending down in Australia- and theres a sign the housing boom has peaked. Retrieved on 4th May, 2017 from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australian-retail-sales-may-2016-7 Business. (2016) Retail wholesale trade industry fact sheet. Retrieved on 4th May, 2017 from https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/develop-your-business-plans/industry-research/retail-and-wholesale-trade-industry-fact-sheets Crane, A. (2008) The oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility, OUP Oxford, New York Deloitte. (2017) Retail, wholesale, and distribution industry outlook 2017. Retrieved on 4th May, 2017 from https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/consumer-business/articles/retail-distribution-industry-outlook.html Loeb, W. (2014) Forbes, Unrelenting competition: the biggest retail story of 2015. Retrieved on 4th May, 2017 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2014/12/16/unrelenting-competition-the-retail-story-of-2015/#161fb11719f1 Rice, J and Martin, N. (2017) The conversation, Company results: how competition is transforming Australias retail sector. Retrieved on 4th May, 2017 from https://theconversation.com/company-results-how-competition-is-transforming-australias-retail-sector-72844 Riebe, M, C. (2013) Retail market st

Life After Retirement Essay Example For Students

Life After Retirement Essay LIFE IN RETIREMENT A PAPER PRESENTED BY GBOLAHAN I. OYEGOKE (PRINCE) B. Sc. (Ed. )Econs. , MBA (Mktng. ) ABR, ACTI, ACA HEAD OF PRACTICE Gbolahan Oyegoke Co Chartered Accountants AT THE POST RETIREMENT SEMINAR ORGANISED BY T. A. AMUSSAH SONS LIMITED (CONTRACTOR TO CHEVRON NIGERIA LIMITED) DECEMBER 6, 2006 PREAMBLE Retirement simply refers to the fact of stopping work because you have reached particular age or set criteria. Such criteria may be health, performance at work, conduct, options, takeover etc. Retirement can be delightful or devastating†¦ a dream come true or a dreadful nightmare. It depends on how one prepares for it. In Nigeria, the private sectors have a relatively better reputation for taking seriously their obligations to retiring and disengaging employees through the prompt payments of severance benefits and gratuities. Happily and commendably, the uncertainties, poor-record keeping, frustration and trauma which are common feature of pensions and terminal gratuity payments in the public service continues to be very minimal in the private sector. However, after putting 40 – 45 years of ones productive age in service of one company or the other, a research finding revealed the following: |Situation/Position at 65 years and above |Rating | |Very rich |1% | |Financially independent |4% | |Struggling to survive |5% | |Died in Service |36% | |Dependent |54% | |Total |100% | This trend could be traced to failure or deficiency in human capital development of many organizations. Corporate organizations often spend huge sum of money on capacity building that will benefit their business while neglecting the need for empowerment for â€Å"life after retirement† of their employees. In other words, corporate organization does not prepare their employees for retirement, from commencement or date of employment. Until very recently, post-retirement education was considered as personal issue of the retiring individual. There is a need for change towards this attitude as retirement or disengagement (forced or voluntary) is REAL. CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT You are always in financial need and this makes you depend on and look forward to your salary. †¢ You are under constant threat and fear of losing your job or being desolate. †¢ Prior to your retirement, you would have invested the most profitable prime time of your life in employment for a â₠¬Å"take home†. †¢ Often, you are in a company of over 90% of other employees returning to the work they hate to go to, and to see faces they are not too comfortable to put up with. †¢ You are compelled to live in a vicinity and neighbourhood you wouldn’t have chose to live in as your employment location has always determined where you live – if you will not be late to work. Your employer determines your leisure time and how to spend it. As a necessity, they must approve your leave/vacation time. They determine when you leave home, when you get back home, when you wake up and when you go to bed. In some cases, they determine when you procreate. †¢ Employment hardly makes your rich and your employer is not responsible for making you rich anyway. †¢ What you get paid as retirement benefits hardly cover your living expenses at old age. Most of the time, we allow our employers to plan (when and how) for our retirement. †¢ Most importantly, you r capacity to earn declines over time. You get to a certain age, you will be consider unemployable (experience, or lack of it). It is important that we remind ourselves that this seminar is organized for retiring employees who may not have had the benefit of pre-retirement enlightenment. We shall therefore concentrate on what is required of them to remain happy and comfortable, even while in retirement. In our clan and environment, there is always fear of retirement. To an average Nigerian, whether in self or paid employment, retirement connotes failure; it brings torment; it is consider shameful; it is often seeing as failure; many view it as weakness, especially if it is the decision of a self-employed person; many consider it as punishment; others sees it as bad luck; it simply remind us of loss of power and influence. We often get agitated and often raise questions on: †¢ What will I do after retirement? Where will I live in retirement? †¢ I do not have retirement plan, so how do I survive in retirement? †¢ Though I have a retirement plan, what if it fails? While the views above are fallaci es, the fear, the questions and many other issues often lead to criminal act such as fraud, stealing, falsification of age etc. THE DONT’S OF RETIREMENT Several private sectors retired and disengaged employees who were well and promptly catered for on retirement have ignorantly and recklessly slipped into the poverty circle within a very short period of their severance. This may be avoided if we attempt to desist from any of the following acts: a)Desire for new wife/(wives) The Progressive Era EssayYou must also resolve any differences that may exist between you and your extended or large family. Verily, verily I say unto thee, be friends to everyone in your family, you will need them now than ever and they need you. Boredom and loneliness breath depression and this may lead to stress, stroke etc. b)Be at peace with your GOD You certainly have less time to live than you have stayed on mother earth. Now that you are drawing nearer to your God, it is important that you resolve issues with your God. Forgive God for whatever, you consider unfair to you and forgive yourself of any short-coming in your life. Forgive your fellow human being for their â€Å"sin†. Pay attention to your religious tenets. c)Be Active Choose a retirement activity you really enjoy. It can be a part-time job, working as a volunteer, a hobby, or even a sport. Make that activity the focus of your life. It is wonderful to be able to spend time doing something you really like. Exercise regularly. It is good for the body and also for the mind. Exercise helps reduce tension and anxiety, and provides a sense of physical well-being. Eat healthfully. At age one to forty, we eat for taste and at forty and above, we are to eat for our health. Stayed tuned into the world around you. It is important to stay mentally alert. Newspapers, books, magazines, and television shows can keep you up to date on the issues of the day. Do maintain your physical and mental independence. For as long as your health and finances allow, try to handle your own affairs, do things for yourself, and live by your own schedule. Never be pushed by the expectation of others. Draw from your inner strength when personal or family trouble arises. You spent a life time learning the strategies of survival. Use your knowledge to help others. Do keep your sense of humour. Make small mental lists of jokes you can tell to friends. â€Å"Laughter is the best medicine†. Laugh, the world will laugh with you. Grump, and you will grump alone. d)Prepare your WILL Speak to a trusted lawyer and seek his advice on WILL. Preparation of will nsures that you set your house properly the way you want it to be when you might have gone to rest with your creator. It helps you to protect your household against themselves. Enjoy your birthday! Growing old is not a right, it is a privilege. Take good care of yourself for you may live more than you e xpect. INVESTMENT IN RETIREMENT The gratuity of any retiring individual has several competing necessities, needs and frivolous requests which we consider important now and in the nearest future. It is an established fact that our reasons for keeping cash and the volume kept can be broadly classified as: †¢ Transactional: we keep cash to meet up with our day-to-day needs (not want). Precautionary: we also keep cash to meet up with emergency needs that we do not envisage. †¢ Speculative: cash can also be kept to meet with â€Å"opportunities† that has returns which we consider satisfactory. In this light and as retiring persons, my humble counsel would be as follows: 1. Ensure you put in fixed deposit account, a sum that is not less than =N=2million or 33. 33% (whichever is higher) of your gratuity at a rate not less than 9%. This will assure you of minimum income of =N=15,000. 00 per month. 2. About 33. 33% may be set aside for investment in shares. You will need to secure the service of a stockbroker with integrity to manage your investment. 3. The balance of your gratuity may be apportioned to unit trust fund, investment in your spouse’s business, investment in your hobby (if you are sure it is capable of yielding good returns), investment in your current business, if any etc. At any point that you require to make investment decision it is important that you seek the advice of professionals. Ensure to document and legalize your transaction, no matter the partner you are dealing with. I pray that you will live longer than your expectation in prosperity and good health. God will grant you mercy and favour in your future endavour. Thank your for your time and audience while I beseech you to â€Å"keep thinking†.

Business Law Cases free essay sample

The case presented here falls under the doctrine of Contract Act, 1872 and especially under the provisions regarding breach and remedies for breach of a contract. When the rights and responsibilities arising out of a contract are extinguished, the contract is said to be dissolved or terminated. A contract may be dissolved in any of the following ways: 1. By Agreement: A contract can be terminated by an agreement between the same parties who entered into the contract with mutual agreement. 2. By Performance: As the parties into the contract complete performance of their shares of promises a contract in terminated. 3. By Frustration: A contract can be terminated by the impossibility in the fulfillment of the purpose of the parties in entering into a contract. 4. By Breach: When a contract is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other partys performance. 5. By Operation on Law: Discharge of a contract by operation of law may occur by merger, by insolvency or by alteration of the written document. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law Cases or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the case in concern, Nike (BD) Ltd. enters into a contract with Sunshine Fabrics for supply of 50,000 pcs of T-shirt as per sample and design. One of the provision/ stipulation of the said contract was that-â€Å"the Sunshine Fabrics would not sell to his other customers for a period of 2 years any T-shirt of the same design and description†. Eventually the said design T-shirt (of Nike) became very popular in Bangladesh and, many retail shops show keen interest to buy them at higher price and as such, Sunshine Fabrics started selling them to different shops ignoring their contract with Nike (BD) Ltd. This is a clear case of breach of contract. A breach of contract is failure to perform as stated in the contract. When a contract is broken the party who suffers on account of it has one or other of the following remedies: 1. Damage: Damages are moneytary compensation allowed to the injured party for the loss or injury suffered by him as a result of the brach of contract. 2. Specific Performance: Specific performance means the actual carrying out of the contract as agreed. 3. Injunction : Injunction is an order of a court restraining a person from doing a particular act. It is a mode of securing the specific performance of the negetive terms of a contrct. 4. Cancellation of the instrument: When there is a breach of contract by one party, the other party may rescind the contract and need not perform his part of obligations under the contract. 5. Rectification of the instrument: When through fraud or mutual mistake of the parties a contract or other instrument in writing does not truly express their intention; either party or his representative in interest may institute a suit to have the instrument rectified. In the case personated Nike (BD) Ltd. s the party who is the sufferer of the breach of contract. Along with damage, Nike (BD) Ltd. can also file a suit for injunction and cancellation of the instrument. The fundamental principle underlying damages is not punishment but compensation. By awarding damages the court aims to put the injured party into the position in which he would have been, had there been performance and not breach, and not to punish the defaulter party. As a general rule, â€Å"compensation must be commensurate with the injury or loss sustained, arising naturally from the breach. Where the party has suffered no damage on account of the breach, the court may still award him nominal damages in recognition of his right. In this case, Nike (BD) Ltd. has suffered an actual loss which arose in the usual course of things from the breach. Thus Nike can claim substantial damage to compensate its suffering. Injunction is a discretionary remedy of the Court. An injunction may be temporary or perpetual. Where a party is in breach of negative term of a contract, the court may, by issuing an injunction, restrain him from doing from what it is promised not to do. Thus injunction is a preventive relief. Since in this case, Sunshine Fabrics is doing an act (selling T-shirts of the particular design) which it promised not to do Nike (BD) Ltd. can file a suit claiming injunction. Along with claiming damages and injunction Nike (BD) Ltd. can also apply for cancellation of the instrument. If one or more of the major provisions of a contract is broken the party suffering from it can apply for cancellation of the instrument. If one or more of the minor provisions is broken the sufferer party can apply for damages but not cancellation of the instrument. In this case Sunshine Fabrics has broken a major provision of the contract. So, Nike (BD) Ltd. can apply for cancellation of the instrument. In reply of Nike (BD) Ltd. ’s legal notice Sunshine Fabrics asserts that the contract which they signed with Nike (BD) Ltd. is, in fact, void, in as much as, the same is in restraint of trade. Sunshine Fabric’s assertion is however unjustified. The agreement stating -â€Å"the Sunshine Fabrics would not sell to his other customers for a period of 2 years any T-shirt of the same design and description† is not in restraint of trade rather merely â€Å"restraining freedom of action†. Thus we can conclude that, every thing else being equal, the case is in very much favor of Nike (BD) Ltd. Sunshine Fabric’s claim of the contract’s being â€Å"void† has no legal grounds. However, if Sunshine Fabrics can anyway prove that its agreement of not selling any T-shirt of the same description to its other customers for a period of 2 years was a minor provision of the contract, Nike (BD) would not be able to cancel the contract but still would be awarded damage and, on the Court’s discretion, injunction.

Job Satisfaction Essay Sample

Job Satisfaction Essay SampleA job satisfaction essay sample is a kind of essay sample that has been used by students to get good grades in their school subjects. It is the fact that writing essays has an important role in school subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to learn how to write well and be able to write the best possible essay.The best way to use a job satisfaction essay sample is to write about something you are very happy about in your work or in your life. This is the only place where you can add something that would help you achieve the best grades. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this point.If you are just new to writing, this is the best way to start because it will not take long for you to write a great quality essay. All you need to do is to write about something that is important to you. For example, if you are a student, you can write about your joy with school. A job satisfaction essay sample may be something you can put in your resume or as a work -related task that you can get from your employer.Your great job satisfaction essay will not only have a basic purpose but it will also show the other people around you that you care about what they think about you. Since your friends are the ones who know you the best, they can tell whether you are happy or not. If they think that you are in a happy mood, then you are surely happy and if they see that you are not in a happy mood, then you must be very unhappy with your life.Writing something good is also one of the best ways to improve your writing skills. When you are able to write good essays, you will have a higher chance of getting a good grade in your school subjects.There are different examples in the job satisfaction essay sample that is intended for students. You can check it in books, internet, or even your school library.You may think that the job satisfaction essay sample is just meant for adults. However, this sample can also be a good resource for teens. It is just nec essary for you to remember that these lessons were designed to make teens are more knowledgeable about writing and school subjects.If you would like to give yourself a great job satisfaction essay, you should check out the references from your friends and family. They can also help you in learning how to write the best essay.

5 Other Online Dictionaries

5 Other Online Dictionaries 5 Other Online Dictionaries 5 Other Online Dictionaries By Mark Nichol Regular Daily Writing Tips readers know that I often extol Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, the dictionary of record for the American publishing industry. Despite its apparent casual acceptance of nonstandard spellings, it’s an authoritative resource as is its Internet version, Merriam-Webster Online. But plenty of alternatives exist; here are five interesting and helpful variations on the lexicographical theme. 1. The Alpha Dictionary This portal features links to hundreds of foreign-language dictionaries and glossaries, as well as numerous specialty dictionaries and glossaries covering specific subjects like chocolate, jewelry, and weather, and more resources like thesauruses and collections of quotations. 2. The Free Dictionary Enter a word at The Free Dictionary, and you’ll get not only definitions from various dictionaries but also citations of the word in quotations, a translation tool to find the word’s foreign-language equivalents, and lists of related terms. The site also has starts-with and ends-with search functions and an option to call up a list of terms in which a particular word appears in the definition. In addition, you can look up acronyms and idioms and search encyclopedias, foreign-language dictionaries, and specialized dictionaries. 3. OneLook.com This dictionary offers more than just definitions of words you type in; it also enables a variety of tip-of-the-tongue searches: To return words and phrases beginning or ending in a certain word, type in that word followed by or preceding an asterisk, or type the first couple of letters of a word followed by a colon and any complete word to produce a list of words and phrases starting with those letters that pertain to that word. (For example, at:air brings up not only atmosphere but also â€Å"attic fan† and atomization.) Or, precede an acronym or initialism with expand: to find phrases these abbreviations stand for, and more. 4. Wordnik Wordnik collects definitions from numerous other dictionary websites, as well as displaying online citations of the word to provide context. 5. YourDictionary This plain-English resource provides easy-to-understand definitions. For example, the meaning of atmosphere, rendered at Merriam-Webster Online as â€Å"the gaseous envelope of a celestial body (as a planet), the whole mass of air surrounding the earth, the air of a locality, a surrounding influence or environment, the overall aesthetic effect of a work of art, an intriguing or singular tone, effect, or appeal† here is explained as follows: â€Å"the area of air and gas enveloping objects in space, like stars and planets, or the air around any location,† or â€Å"an overall feeling and/or effect of a place, specially if it is an environment of pleasure or interest.† This site also provides links to other dictionaries as well as other resources. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Story50 Latin Phrases You Should KnowHow Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Increase in flights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Increase in flights - Essay Example DS-3 flew with 21 to 32 passengers (Hoyle and Knowles, 1998). By the time, DS-4 and DS-6 revolutionized the passenger flights and the power associated with them. Boeing and Airbus are two major companies that are providing the world with the passenger airplanes (Armstrong, 1993). The biggest passenger aeroplane is Airbus A-380. It is a double deck plane and made its first flight on 27 April 2005. The seating capacity for this plane is almost 853 for economy class or 525 people in a three-class arrangement. The airbus A-380 can reach the speed of almost 900km/hour or 0.85 mach (Cullingworth, 1997). History Fight history is full of experimentations and theories. The initialization in the field of flying is initiated by the Chinese. Chinese discovered kites round 400BC and people at that time thought that someday man could be able to fly in the air using kites or some other mechanism (Hoyle and Knowles, 1998). After that people, experimented big kites to fly in air but in vain. Chinese used these kites for fun and in their religious ceremonies. These kites are also used in weather testing. In 1480, Leonardo da Vinci proposed many theories about the flight and drew about 100 drawing to support his theories but his flight mechanism never came into reality (Hoyle and Knowles, 1998). In the year of 1783, Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier developed the first hot air balloon. The invention of hot air balloon opened new ways to develop an aircraft. About two centuries ago in 1804 a model of a real time glider is proposed by George Cayley (Armstrong, 1993). The model glider has fixed wings and a movable tail. This concept revolutionized the flight history. In 1853, George Cayley’s invented a glider, which was able to carry man. He named the glider ‘New Flyer’ and it took his footmen across Brompton Dale. In 1874, a piloted aeroplane was made by Felix du Temple, which ran down a ramp (Barrass and Madhavan, 1996). He named it ‘Hop’ and it is un able to take off using its own power. Clement Ader in 1890 created the first piloted aeroplane that is able to take off by using its own power. The name of this aeroplane is Eole. In 1893, first controlled flight was made by Otto Lilienthal (Cullingworth, 1997). He made a true controlled flight and glided up to 230 meters. Wright brothers made a sustained controlled flight in 1903 at Kitty Hawk (Barrass and Madhavan, 1996). Wright brothers made a remarkable contribution in the flight history. Douglas airplanes contributed much in the history of the aeroplanes but when Boeing entered in the market of passenger planes, it made a remarkable contribution in passenger and cargo aeroplanes (Armstrong, 1993). In 1947, Boeing came with new design in aircrafts and presented their first plane and names it Boeing 377 Strato Cruiser. It has four piston driven engines (Hoyle and Knowles, 1998). Modern flights are much more advanced and are able to carry hundreds of passengers and tons of cargo w ith them (Newman and Kenworthy, 1999). Today airplanes have advanced turbo jet engines. Reasons for Increase in Flights Flight is the fastest mean of transport today. The speed of a plane depends on its engine. Today aircraft engines are such made that they can be able to carry tons of loads and maintain a high velocity. The property of an airplane that it can cover large distance in a little span of time makes it a major reason in the increase in flights (Tolley and Turton, 1995). It can save you

Flooding in Ottawa Illinois Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Flooding in Ottawa Illinois - Essay Example Finally, by choosing to discuss this hazard, the solutions that come from it will educate public and they will therefore have knowledge in handling such an incident when it occurs. In the last five years, seven disasters were experienced in Illinois. For instance, last summer, more than $300 million was put into operation to aid in management of the aftermath of the flood. Also in June 2008, Midwest floods initiated widespread flood destruction across Illinois owing to insistent heavy rains that caused rivers to spill over their banks. Insured losses to Illinois inhabitants totaled $5.3 million. The Great Midwest Floods of 1993, was one of the biggest floods in U.S. history. The outcome was approximately $273 million uninsured flood destruction and an estimated $15 billion in total damages. The approximate amount of damage cause tolled to around $2.6billion and $60.7 million of them insured losses (Barry, 2007). The probabilistic point of view for flood potential issued by the NWS on March 6, 2014 gives a probabilistic valuation of flood potential using the vocabulary presented below. These viewpoints indicate that the likelihood in percent that slight, modest, or major flooding will take place. Additionally, they provide statistics regarding the possibility a given river stage will be equaled or exceeded during the present forecast period. Property destruction and financial losses are one side of the story. Alternative perspective focuses on the consequence the flooding has had on the surroundings and the modifications it made to the physical land. Flood waters leads to erosion thus changing the shape of the land. This is caused by the chemicals and organic material deposit carried within the floodwaters. Also flood interfere with shipments of essential commodities like foodstuff, chemicals and other products. When canal are flooded and becomes impassable, ship and other marine means of transport